Antihistamines

<<|>> ANTIHISTAMINES <<|>>

**DEFINITION ** 

An Antihistamine is an agent that serves to inhibit the release or action of histamine. Antihistamine can be used to describe any histamine antagonist, but it is usually reserved for the classical antihistamines that act upon the H1 histamine receptor.

Antihistamines are used as treatment for allergies. Allergies are caused by an excessive response of the body to allergens, such as the pollen released by grasses and trees. An allergic reaction indicates an excessive release, by the body, of histamines. Other uses of antihistamines are to help with normal symptoms of insect stings even if there is no allergic reaction.

//CLINICAL INDICATIONS //
**__Vasomotor rhinitis__** - is not caused by an infection or allergy. The exact cause is unknown. Symptoms are triggered by something that irritates the nose, such as a dry atmosphere, air pollution, spicy foods, alcohol, strong emotions, or certain medications.



__**Allergic conjunctivitis**__ - is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy. Although allergens differ between patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), oedematching and increased lacrimation (production of tears). If this is combined with rhinitis, the condition is termed **allergic rhinoconjunctivitis**.



__**Anaphylactic reaction** -__ is an acute systemic (multi-system) and severe type 1 hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other mammals. The term comes from the Greek words ανα //ana////phylaxis// (protection). Minute amounts of allergens may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylaxis may occur aft - is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy. Although allergens differ between patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), oedematching and increased lacrimation (production of tears). If this is combined with rhinitis, the condition is termed **allergic rhinoconjunctivitis**.



** H1-receptor antagonists **
In common use, the term antihistamine refers only to H1 antagonists, also known as H1 antihistamines. It has been discovered that these H1-antihistamines are actually inverse agonists at the histamine H1-receptor, rather than antagonists //per se//. Clinically, H1 antagonists are used to treat allergic reactions. Allerin AH Biogenerics Caladryl || aminoalkyl ethers || CVS and CNS effects, previous allergy, GI disturbance || Capsule, Syrup, IV, IM || Premature & newborn infants; asthma attack; lactation. || B || Allerta Allerclear Claricort Clarinase ||  systemic sympatho mimetic prepara tions || Drowsiness, headache, psychomotor impairment, and antimuscarinic effects such as urinary retention, dry mouth, blurred vision, and gastrointestinal disturbances || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Tablets, Oral Suspension, Syrup || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Hepatic Diseases, renal impairment || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">B || Postadoxine || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">piperazine || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Drowsiness; dry mouth; fatigue; vomiting; blurred vision || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Tablet, Chewable Tablet || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Glaucoma or prostatic enlargement; pregnancy; asthma || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">B || MB Hydroxyzine || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> iphenyl- methane derivatives anxiolytics || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Drowsiness, sedation, somnolence, dry mouth || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Tablet, Syrup || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Pregnancy and lactation Previous hypersensitivity || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">C || Clarinex Aerius || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> other agents used as systemic antihista mines. || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Fatigue, dry mouth, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Tablet, Syrup || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Nursing mothers || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">N/A (Not have been studied for pregnant women) || Cholergan Virlix Zyrtec || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> piperazine || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> weakness, problems with vision, confussion, dizzines || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Tablet Chewable tablet Syrup || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Hypersensitivity, lactation || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">B || Colvan Dynatussin Decolgen Histacort || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Drowsiness, dry mouth, nose, and throat, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, headache, increased chest congestion || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Tablet, Capsule, Chewable Tablet, Liquid || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Hypersensitivity, || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">B || Thaprozine Zinmet || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">phenothiazine derivatives || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Blurred vision; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; nausea; vomiting. || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Tablet Ampule Suppository Syrup || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Hypersensitivity, coma, porphyria, cardiac disease, hypokalaemia || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> C ||
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Drugs** || <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Brand Name** || <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Specific Class** || <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Side Effects** || <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Dosage Forms** || <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Contraindications** || <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">**Pregnancy Category** ||
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Diphenhydramine [[image:benadwi.png width="145" height="131"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Benadryl
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Loratadine [[image:allerclear-loratadine.jpg width="140" height="140"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Claritin
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Meclizine [[image:bonamine width="146" height="143"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Bonamine
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Hydroxyzine [[image:atarax.jpg width="135" height="135"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Atarax
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Desloratadine [[image:clarinex.jpg width="160" height="120"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Claramax
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Cetirizine [[image:cetirizine175.gif width="160" height="192"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Cetimin
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Chlorpheniramine [[image:chlorphi.jpg width="168" height="168"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Antamin
 * <span style="background-color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Promethazine [[image:Promethazine10mL_SYRUP.jpg width="164" height="266"]] || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Pharmasan
 * Levocetirizine [[image:xyzal.jpg width="180" height="75"]] || Xyzal || piperazine || Sleepiness, headache. lightheadedness, mouth dryness, vision problems (blurred vision), palpitations and fatigue. || Tablet || Hypersensitivity || N/A ||

** (Noun) ** ** <span style="border-bottom: 1px dashed #809e83; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">(nt-hst-mn) ** ** antihistamine ** - a medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site.



__//<span style="background-color: #008080; color: #000000; display: block; font-size: 180%; text-align: center;"> Garcia Carlos Fernandez Tamondong //__
 * Group Members: **

** **____**
 * // __MWF 9:30-10:30 A-206__ //


 * **95/100 = VERY GOOD!** **