BRONCHODILATORS

=Bronchodilators= Bronchodilators are medications that relax the bronchial muscles. Relaxing these muscles makes the airways larger, allowing air to pass through the lungs easier. This helps people with COPD breathe better. Many different kinds of bronchodilators are available. They can be grouped according to how long they work (called short- and long-acting drugs) or the way in which they widen or dilate the airways (beta-agonists, anticholinergics or theophyllines).


 * Diseases treated by bronchodilators:**
 * __Asthma__. A condition in which airway passages become blocked or obstructed causing shortness of breathe . Bronchodilators open the airways by relaxing the smooth muscles in these airways. They are among the most commonly used medications for asthma.


 * __Chronic bronchitis.__ Inflammation of the bronchial tube linings that lead to a persistent cough. Short-acting bronchodilators relieve coughing and shortness of breath


 * __Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD__). A progressive lung disease that decreases the ability of the lungs to perform ventilation. Bronchodilators smooth muscle constriction in the airways, increasing the flow of air.


 * __Mucus in the lungs__. A build-up of mucus in the lungs causes a constriction breathing passages and can lead to coughing. Bronchodilators work to diminish and thin mucus production.


 * __Emphysema__. A condition in which the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is impaired due to damaged or collapsed air sacs. Bronchodilators improve air flow.

BRONCHODILATOR DRUGS

 * __ 1.Salbutamol __**

//BRAND NAMES// Activent®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations Aero-Vent®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations Airomir®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations

//COMMON SIDE EFFECTS// =headache, =nervousness, =hyperactivity, =malaise, =dizziness //AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS// =capsules for inhalation =solution for inhalation =syrup =tablets // CONTRAINDICATIONS // =contraindicated in patients hypersensitivity to drugs or its ingredients =use cautiously in patients with CV disorders(DM,hyperthyroidism) =Use extended-release tablet in patients with GI narrowing

//PREGNANCY CATEGORY//=C

**__ 2.Ipratropium Br __**

//BRAND NAMES// a.Atrovent®= Antiasthmatic and COPD preparations b.Combivent®=Antiasthmatic and COPD preparations c.Duavent®=Antiasthmatic and COPD preparations //COMMON SIDE EFFECTS// =Headache, =nausea, =dry mouth, = increased heart rate & palpitations, =ocular accommodation disturbances

//AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS// =inhaler =nasal spray =solutionfor inhalation =solution for nebulizer

//CONTRAINDICATIONS// =contraindicated in patients with with hypersensitivity to soy lecithin or related products =Contraindicated in patients with angle closure galucome =contraindicated in patients with bladder-neck obstruction

//PREGNANCY CATEGORY// =C

//BRAND NAMES// Spiropent®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations //COMMON SIDE EFFECTS// =Fine tremor of skeletal muscle, =palpitations, =tachycardia, =nervous tension, =headaches
 * __3.Clenbuterol__**

//AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS// =oral tablet =solution for inhalation

//CONTRAINDICATIONS// =Hyperthyroidism, = myocardial insufficiency, = arrhythmias, =susceptibility to QT-interval prolongation =hypertension

//PREGNANCY CATEGORY//=B

**__ 4.Fluticasone propionate __** //BRAND NAMES// a.Flixotide® = A ntiasthmatic and COPD preparations b.Nasoflo® = Antiasthmatic and COPD preparations c.Cutivate®= topical corticosteroids

//COMMON SIDE EFFECTS// =Dryness & irritation of the nose & throat, = unpleasant taste,smell & epistaxis =Headache =Local burning & pruritus

//AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS// =nasal sprays =inhalers //CONTRAINDICATIONS// =Rosacea, = acne vulgaris, = perioral dermatitis; = primary cutaneous viral, bacterial/fungal infections; =perianal & genital pruritus, = dermatoses in infant <3 mth.

// PREGNANCY CATEGORY // =C

// BRAND NAMES // =Euphylong SR =Nuelin =Asmasalon
 * __5.Theophylline__**

//COMMON SIDE EFFECTS// =nausea =diarrhea =increase in heart rate =arrhythmias =CNS excitation

//AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS// = tablet = syrup = capsule

//CONTRAINDICATIONS// = hypersensitivity to theophylline = patients with active peptic ulcer disease =individuals with underlying seizure disorders

//PREGNANCY CATEGORY//=C ** 6.salmeterol ** // BRAND NAMES // Salmeflo®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations Seretide®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations // COMMON SIDE EFFECTS // = Fine skeletal muscle tremor especially hands, = tachycardia, = palpitations = muscle cramps, = headache // AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS // =metered-dose aerosol = dry powder for inhalation // CONTRAINDICATIONS = // patients unusually responsive to sympathomimetics =patients with CV disorders =patients with seizure disorders // PREGNANCY CATEGORY // =C

**__ 7.Tiotropium bromide __**

//BRAND NAMES// Spiriva®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations //COMMON SIDE EFFECTS// =Dry mouth, =constipation, =cough and local irritation, =tachycardia, =urinary retention //AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS// =capsule

//CONTRAINDICATIONS// =Hypersensitivity to atropine and its derivatives =Pregnant women and nursing womens =Patients with angle closure glaucoma

//PREGNANCY CATEGORY//=C


 * __8. Terbutaline Sulfate__**

// BRAND NAMES // a.Alloxygen®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations b.Astebron®=antiasthmatic and COPD preparations c.Bricalin®= antiasthmatic and COPD preparations   //

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS // = Headache, = nausea, =vomiting, =palpitations, =tachycardia

// AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS // =syrup =capsule

//CONTRAINDICATIONS// =patients with coronary artery disease = patients with hypersensitivity to sympathominetic amines =patients with hyperthyroididm

//PREGNANCY CATEGORY//=B

SOURCES AND REFERENCES: http://yourtotalhealth.ivillage.com/bronchodilators.html http://www.mims.com/ http://shinerama.naitsa.ca/images/cf_lungs_lg.gif NURSING DRUG HANDBOOK BY LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS AND WILKINS http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/04/100104-036-0E044846.jpg http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001266.html //__GROUP MEMBERS:__// BILANGGO, JENNIFER DIONG-AN, JULIENNE PALENG,KATE PEKAS, LIBAY

**94/100 VERY GOOD! =)**